Magnesium plays a significant role in many of the cell functions even though the amount of Magnesium in the body is very small. The majority of Magnesium, which is roughly two-thirds of this mineral in the body, can be found in bones. It functions in the bones to develop physical structure, together with the essential minerals Calcium and Phosphorus. On the surface of the bones, Magnesium acts as a "bank" in times of dietary supply needs.

Working with Calcium, Magnesium aids in the proper functioning of the muscles, including muscle relaxation after contraction and effective nerve impulse transmission. Inadequate levels of magnesium can cause muscles to over contract that will trigger other muscle problems such as fatigue, pain, cramps, spasms, soreness and tension.

Aside from its bone and muscle functions, magnesium is extremely important in assisting with over 300 enzymes in their chemical reactions. Metabolisms of potassium, calcium and Vitamin D as well as the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins rely on magnesium. Magnesium also facilitates in the release of energy from energy-yielding nutrients and supports all the body systems’ metabolic functions.

Deficiency of magnesium, most commonly caused by inadequate intake, diarrhea, or vomiting, will greatly affect the functions of the body systems because of the many roles magnesium serves in the body. There is a wide variety of symptoms and conditions triggered by magnesium deficiency including weakening of the bones and muscles, muscle twitching, heart spasms, cardiovascular diseases, heart attack, high blood pressure, hallucinations, increase of fats in the bloodstream, and nausea.

To prevent development of magnesium deficiency, people must include magnesium-rich foods in their diet. Some of the best sources of magnesium are Swiss chard, spinach, green vegetables, nuts, soy milk, fish and other seafoods, blackbeans, black eyed peas, avocado, summer squash, flax seeds, tomatoes, chocolate, cocoa and celery.

As with most of the vitamins and minerals, it is best not to exceed the levels of the recommended daily value of magnesium (350 mg for men, 300 mg for women, 150-200 mg for children and 40-60 mg for infants) to avoid toxicities that can cause severe diarrhea. In most cases, individuals who suffer from magnesium toxicity abuse magnesium dietary supplements, magnesium containing laxatives, and antacids. Other symptoms of magnesium toxicity include drowsiness, fatigue, and dehydration.

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